In economics, utility refers to the amount of satisfaction that a consumer gains from a particular good or service. Total utility refers to the complete amount of satisfaction gained. Marginal utility refers to the satisfaction gained from an extra unit consumed. If the marginal utility of the last item is positive – then total utility …
Transactional utility is a term to describe the happiness a consumer gets from the perceived value of the deal. ‘Transactional utility’ was developed by Richard Thaler and is said to be the difference between the actual price and your reference price – the price you expect to pay. Example, Suppose you expect to pay $50 …
Utility is a concept given to how much satisfaction/happiness a person gains from a particular action. Utility derived from the philosophy of utilitarianism. An early advocate of Utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham who argued that utility was the accumulation of pleasure and avoidance of pain. The concept was refined by others such as J.S. Mill who …
This is a theory which estimates the likely utility of an action – when there is uncertainty about the outcome. It suggests the rational choice is to choose an action with the highest expected utility. This theory notes that the utility of a money is not necessarily the same as the total value of money. …
The economics of happiness seeks to relate economic decisions to a wider measure of welfare and happiness rather than traditional measures of just income and wealth. Happiness economics attempts to evaluate a wider range of factors affecting well-being, quality of life and self-reported levels happiness. There are now several measures of happiness, such as Gross …
The sunk cost fallacy is when we continue an action because of our past decisions (time, money, resources) rather than a rational choice of what will maximise our utility at this present time. For example, because we order a big meal and have paid for it, we feel a pressure to eat all the food. …
Definition The observation that some goods (e.g. water) which are more essential to human life can be cheaper than non-essential goods (e.g. diamonds) Paradox of value – Economics explainedWatch this video on YouTube Explanation The paradox of value examines why goods that are not essential to life can command a much higher price than goods …
Definition A surplus occurs when the amount of a good or assets exceeds the quantity actively used. If a firm supplies one 1,000 Christmas Trees, but there is demand for only 400, then it will have a surplus of 600 unsold Christmas Trees. If the price was stuck at P2, the supply (Q3) would be …