An isoquant shows all combination of factors that produce a certain output An isocost show all combinations of factors that cost the same amount. Isocosts and isoquants can show the optimal combination of factors of production to produce the maximum output at minimum cost. Definition isoquant An isoquant shows all the combination of two factors …
The theory of consumer choice assumes consumers wish to maximise their utility through the optimal combination of goods – given their limited budget. To illustrate how consumers choose between different combinations of goods we can use equi-marginal principle and indifference curves and budget lines. Consumer equilibrium – equimarginal principle Consumer Equilibrium occurs when the marginal …
Trickle down economics is a term used to describe the belief that if high-income earners gain an increase in salary, then everyone in the economy will benefit as their increased income and wealth filter through to all sections in society. How the trickle-down effect may work in theory If the richest gain an increase in …
Politicians often promise tax cuts can lead to higher productivity, higher economic growth, and even pay for themselves through a boost to long-term incomes. These promises may chime with the electorate who tend to prefer promises of tax cuts. But, do tax cuts really increase economic growth? There are two impacts of lower tax. Increasing …
Labour productivity measures the output per worker in a period of time. Labour productivity is an important factor in determining the long-run trend rate of economic growth; tax revenues, inflation and real wages. Since the start of the great recession in early 2008, UK labour productivity growth has remained very low – well below the …
Household saving is defined as income that is not consumed. Savings can be kept in cash form, saved in a bank account or saved in long-term assets, such as government bonds. Quick summary of factors that influence saving levels Interest rates – higher interest rates make saving more attractive. Rising income enables higher savings. People …
Some economists, such as Arthur Laffer, argue that there are circumstances when cutting tax leads to either increased tax revenue or tax revenues stay the same. The logic is related to the incentive effects of tax cuts on productivity and growth. If income tax rates are too high, then workers may be discouraged to work. …
Taxation on goods, income or wealth influence economic behaviour and the distribution of resources. For example, higher taxes on carbon emissions will increase cost for producers, reduce demand and shift demand towards alternatives. Higher income tax can enable a redistribution of income within society, but may have an impact on reducing the incentives to work …