On a basic level net migration will increase gross domestic product, for two reasons. Bigger workforce Increase in demand in the economy. But what effect will immigration have on per capita income, tax revenues employment and other factors affecting living standards like housing costs? The Economic Costs and Benefits of Immigration – The Surprising Winners …
The sunk cost fallacy is when we continue an action because of our past decisions (time, money, resources) rather than a rational choice of what will maximise our utility at this present time. For example, because we order a big meal and have paid for it, we feel a pressure to eat all the food. …
Monopoly power occurs when a firm has a dominant position in the market. A pure monopoly is when one firm has 100% of the market share. A firm might be considered to have monopoly power with more than 25% market share. The main benefits of monopolies include Economies of scale – lower average costs and …
Economic growth means an increase in real GDP – an increase in the value of national output, income and expenditure. Essentially the benefit of economic growth is higher living standards – higher real incomes and the ability to devote more resources to areas like health care and education. Video summary The benefits of economic growth …
Marginal utility theory examines the increase in satisfaction consumers gain from consuming an extra unit of a good. Utility is an idea that people get a certain level of satisfaction/happiness/utility from consuming goods and service. Marginal utility is the benefit of consuming an extra unit This utility is not constant. Often we get diminishing marginal …
Social benefit is the total benefit to society from producing or consuming a good/service. Social benefit includes all the private benefits plus any external benefits of production/consumption. If a good has significant external benefits, then the social benefit will be greater than the private benefit. Examples of social benefit If we cycle to work, the …
Definition of social cost – Social cost is the total cost to society. It includes private costs plus any external costs. Example of driving to work Costs of paying for petrol (personal cost) Costs of increased congestion (external cost) Pollution and worse air quality (external cost) The social cost includes all the above. (Petrol + …
The equimarginal principle states that consumers will choose a combination of goods to maximise their total utility. This will occur where The consumer will consider both the marginal utility MU of goods and the price. In effect, the consumer is evaluating the MU/price. This is known as the marginal utility of expenditure on each item …