Aggregate demand (AD) is the total demand for goods and services produced within the economy over a period of time. Aggregate demand (AD) is composed of various components. AD = C+I+G+ (X-M) C = Consumer expenditure on goods and services. I = Gross capital investment – i.e. investment spending on capital goods e.g. factories and …
Definition of trade creation Trade creation refers to the increase in economic welfare from joining a free trade area, such as a customs union. Trade creation will occur when there is a reduction in tariff barriers, leading to lower prices. This switch to lower cost producers will lead to an increase in consumer surplus and …
Dividing the easy way “Its curvy, with a higher bit at the end and a rather aesthetically pleasing slope downwards towards a pretty flat strait bit. The actual graph itself consists of 2 straight lines meeting at the lower left hand corner of the graph and moving away at a 90 anger each …
Aggregate supply is the total value of goods and services produced in an economy. The aggregate supply curve shows the amount of goods that can be produced at different price levels. When the economy reaches its level of full capacity (full employment – when the economy is on the production possibility frontier) the aggregate supply …
An examination of the advantages and disadvantages of congestion charges: Some cities, such as London have introduced a congestion charge. The aim of a congestion charge is: Reduce congestion. Therefore reduce time wasted and reduce costs for business Reduce pollution. Fewer cars will lead to less pollution. Make city centres more attractive for pedestrians and …
Readers Question: what are the possible consequences/effects of protectionism with regard to the UK and the rest of the world? Protectionism occurs when countries place restrictions on imports into the economy. This can involve higher tariffs (a type of tax on imports) or quotas and embargoes. Other forms of protectionism can be less obvious, such …
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Readers Question: how to revise for a possible exam question like: discuss the likely effectiveness of ‘expansionary fiscal and monetary policies as means of closing the output gap’ Firstly write down the question on a blank piece of paper. Then try and revise in three parts. Part One – Knowledge define terms Expansionary fiscal policy …