Readers Question: How does a current account surplus change demand in an economy? A current account surplus means that the value of exports is greater than the value of imports (of goods and services). Net exports is a component of Aggregate demand. (AD) = C+I+G+(X-M). Therefore a current account surplus means that the net exports …
Readers Question: How can a smaller government fiscal deficit cause a larger international trade surplus? A smaller fiscal deficit means the government is reducing its borrowing. Therefore tax revenues must be increasing faster than government spending. A trade surplus means that the value of exports is greater than the value of imports. Suppose the government …
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A-level WJEC revision guide
Collusion occurs when rival firms agree to work together – e.g. setting higher prices in order to make greater profits. Collusion is a way for firms to make higher profits at the expense of consumers and reduces the competitiveness of the market. In the above example, a competitive industry will have price P1 and Q …
What are the advantages and disadvantages of monopolies? Monopolies are firms who dominate the market. Either a pure monopoly with 100% market share or a firm with monopoly power (more than 25%) A monopoly tends to set higher prices than a competitive market leading to lower consumer surplus. However, on the other hand, monopolies can …
An import quota is a limit on the amount of imports that can be brought into a particular country. For example, the US may limit the number of Japanese car imports to 2 million per year. Quotas will reduce imports, and help domestic suppliers. However, they will lead to higher prices for consumers, a decline …
Readers Question: What happens when the government subsidizes a product? A subsidy means the government pays part of the cost. For example, the government may give farmers a subsidy of £10 for every kilo of potatoes. The effect is to shift the supply curve to the right, leading to lower price and higher quantity demanded Diagram …