In economics producers – often referred to as firms or companies play a role in using inputs (different factors of production) and producing goods and services (output). Firms play a key role in deciding what to produce and how to produce. Different types of firms Individual entrepreneurs – self-employed individuals Private companies – often small/mid-sized …
A third party is an individual or entity involved in a transaction but not one of the main principle actors. In business, a third party could be an outside company who helps to complete a business transaction. For example, if a firm gets an order to produce manufactured goods, it may outsource part of the …
Definition of tight fiscal policy Tight fiscal policy involves increasing the rate of tax and/or cutting government spending. It is sometimes known as deflationary fiscal policy and aims to improve government finances Purpose of tight fiscal policy The aim of tight fiscal policy could be either Reduce inflationary pressure by reducing the growth of aggregate …
Tight monetary policy implies the Central Bank (or authority in charge of Monetary Policy) is seeking to reduce the demand for money and limit the pace of economic expansion. Usually, this involves increasing interest rates. The aim of tight monetary policy is usually to reduce inflation. With higher interest rates there will be a slowdown …
In economics we often see a delay between an economic action and a consequence. This is known as a time lag. An impact of time lags is that the effect of policy may be more difficult to quantify because it takes a period of time to actually occur. Example of time lags Change in interest …
Token money is a form of money which represents a greater value than its intrinsic value. Originally medium of exchange involved metals with intrinsic value – such as gold coins. However, it became inconvenient to carry around sufficient gold. Therefore banks began issuing token money – notes and coins which they promised could be converted …
In economics, utility refers to the amount of satisfaction that a consumer gains from a particular good or service. Total utility refers to the complete amount of satisfaction gained. Marginal utility refers to the satisfaction gained from an extra unit consumed. If the marginal utility of the last item is positive – then total utility …
Definition: Trade barriers are government policies which place restrictions on international trade. Trade barriers can either make trade more difficult and expensive (tariff barriers) or prevent trade completely (e.g. trade embargo) Examples of Trade Barriers Tariff Barriers. These are taxes on certain imports. They raise the price of imported goods making imports less competitive. Non-Tariff …