Consumption is the purchase of goods and services for the acquisition of current utility. Investment is expenditure on capital goods for the acquisition of future utility. Investment increases the capital stock. Examples of the difference between consumption and investment A householder buys a car so that they can travel around to work and leisure activities. …
Definition Tax avoidance is defined as legal measures to use the tax regime to find ways to pay the lowest rate of tax, e.g putting savings in the name of your partner to take advantage of their lower tax band. Tax evasion is taking illegal steps to avoid paying tax, e.g. not declaring income to …
Explain the role of the main economic groups: consumers, producers and the government. Within an economy, there are three main groups of agents. Producers Consumers Government 1. Consumers Individuals and households who provide labour to firms and purchase goods and services. Consumers pay income tax on wages and pay indirect taxes on purchases, for example, …
Socialism is an economic and political ideology concerned with greater equality of distribution and proposing solutions which involve greater co-operation and social solutions. Socialism is often associated with the concept of state ownership of the means of production. The aim is to run industry in the interests of society rather than in the interests of …
Distributive efficiency occurs when goods and services are consumed by those who need them most. Distributive efficiency is concerned with an equitable distribution of resources because of the law of diminishing marginal returns. The Law of diminishing marginal returns states that as consumption of a good increase we tend to get diminishing marginal utility. For …
Definition: Division of labour is an economic concept which states that dividing the production process into different stages enables workers to focus on specific tasks. If workers can concentrate on one small aspect of production, this increases overall efficiency – so long as there are sufficient volume and quantity produced. This concept was popularised by …
Definition of double coincidence of wants – This occurs when two people have goods they are both happy to swap in exchange. i.e. a perfect barter exchange. If you two individuals place equal value on 4 eggs and a loaf of bread. Then this exchange would be a double coincidence of wants and enable an …
This is a concept that individuals have two different sets of decision-making processes. The first is impulsive, fast and acts without thinking. The first is impulsive, fast, emotional and acts without thinking – but relies on heuristics and past knowledge/experience. The second element of our decision-making system is a more cognitive, deliberate, thinking process which …